![]() Some non-avian theropod dinosaurs may have displayed pack behaviour. Cooperative hunting has been linked to the social organization of animal species and the evolution of sociality and thus provides a unique perspective to study group behavior. ![]() Cooperative hunting has also been documented in birds of prey and large marine vertebrates such as groupers and moray eels. Ĩ0–95% of carnivores are solitary and hunt alone the others including lions, wild dogs, spotted hyenas, chimpanzees, and humans hunt cooperatively, at least some of the time. It is also argued that Africa's large area of continuous flat and open country, which was even more extensive while rainforest contracted during glacial periods of the Quaternary, may have helped encourage pack hunting to become much more common than on any other continent. It is thought that either on the ancient and poor soils of the southern African savanna it is not possible for individual predators to find adequate food, or that the environment's inherent unpredictability due to ENSO or IOD events means that in very bad conditions it will not be possible to raise the young necessary to prevent declining populations from adult mortality. Most pack hunters are found in the southern African savannas, with a notable absence in tropical rainforests and with the exception of the wolf and coyote, higher latitudes. Pack hunting is typically associated with cooperative breeding and its concentration in the Afrotropical realm is a reflection of this. Other pack hunters include army ants, the goldsaddle goatfish and occasionally crocodiles. Avian social predators include the Harris's hawk, butcherbirds, three of four kookaburra species and many helmetshrikes. Other pack hunting mammals include chimpanzees, dolphins, lions, dwarf and banded mongooses and spotted hyenas. When hunting cooperation is across two or more species, the broader term cooperative hunting is commonly used.Ī well known pack hunter is the gray wolf humans too can be considered pack hunters. Normally animals hunting in this way are closely related, and with the exceptions of chimpanzees where only males normally hunt, all individuals in a family group contribute to hunting. All rights reserved.Lions working together to take down a large Cape buffalo.Ī pack hunter or social predator is a predatory animal which hunts its prey by working together with other members of its species. All trademarks belong to their respective owners and are used by Focus Home Interactive under license. Focus Home Interactive is a licensee of Caterpillar Inc. ![]() CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, 'Caterpillar Yellow,' the 'Power Edge' trade dress as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission. Pacific P16, Pacific P12 and Pacific P12/Roughneck are trademarks of Pacific Truck Mfg Inc. ![]() International® Loadstar 1700 Crew Cab, International Harvester Scout 800, International® Transtar 4070, International® Paystar 5070, International® FleetStar F-2070A and Navistar 5000-MV are trademarks of International Truck Intellectual Property Company, LLC. Ford CLT-9000 is a registered trademark of Ford. Freightliner 114SD, Freightliner M916A1, White-Western Sat 4964 and Western Star 6900 TwinSteer are trademarks of Daimler Trucks North America LLC. Hummer H2, Chevrolet, GMC are trademarks of General Motors LLC. SnowRunner is a trademark of Saber Interactive Inc. Developed by Saber Interactive and published by Focus Entertainment.
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